Expert advice on how to build an outdoor patio roof or gazebo, with illustrated step-by-step instructions and construction diagrams.
A house-attached patio roof takes advantage of the house’s structure by supporting one end of the roof on a ledger mounted horizontally to the house. The ledger, typically a 2 by 6, is usually designed to hold one end of the patio-roof rafters. Locating and mounting the ledger is normally a fairly easy process; the ledger should be attached before the foundation is built.
Where to Attach
On a one-story house, it is often best to attach the ledger just below the eaves.
On a two-story house, you can usually tie into a band joist (also called a rim joist), located between the floors, as shown below. Find the band joist by measuring down from a second-story window.
Mounting the Ledger
Procedures for mounting a ledger depend on the type of siding on the house. Relatively flat siding can remain intact, but clapboard, beveled wood, metal, or vinyl siding should always be cut away.
If you have beveled horizontal siding, then use an inverted piece of siding, as shown in the illustration here, to create a plumb surface for attaching the ledger.
If your siding is not beveled, you can simply screw the ledger tightly to it.
Remove enough of the siding so you can tuck flashing behind the siding above the ledger and allow it to overhang the siding below the ledger.
When cutting wood siding, adjust the blade of the so it cuts just the siding and not the sheathing underneath. Also, do not let the blade cut beyond the layout lines. If you are cutting vinyl siding, you can use a sharp utility knife instead.
A ledger should be affixed to strong parts of the house’s framing, such as second-floor joists or wall studs. The strongest ledger connection relies on bolts that run through the ledger and the house sheathing and rim or band joist and then are fastened with nuts and washers affixed from the other side. When access to the other side is unfeasible, use lag screws with washers instead of bolts, as shown in the illustration at right.
If it is impossible to attach the ledger to a floor joist, then fasten the ledger to wall studs, which are generally located on 16-inch (or sometimes 24-inch) centers and doubled up around doors, windows, and other openings.
Temporarily nail or brace the ledger in place, positioned and leveled at the desired height. Recheck for level, and then drill lag-screw or bolt pilot holes through the ledger and into the house’s framing.
Attach the ledger with 1/2-inch-diameter lag screws or bolts every 16 inches (or as specified by local building codes).
Slip three or four stainless-steel washers between the ledger and the siding when driving each screw, as shown at left. This will allow water to flow behind the ledger.
If attaching a patio roof to a ledger beneath the eaves does not allow for enough headroom, you can set the new patio roof’s rafters on the wall’s top plate and fasten them to the sides of the house rafters, as shown in the cutaway drawing at right.
Fastening to Masonry Walls
Anchor a ledger to a masonry wall with . Begin by marking a line across the wall for the ledger’s top edge. Drill holes for the expanding anchors every 16 inches or as specified by local codes, insert the anchors, hold the ledger in place, and tap it with a hammer to indent the anchor locations on its back face.
Remove the ledger, and drill bolt holes where the bolt tips have left marks. Push or hammer the ledger back onto the bolts, recheck for level (making any needed adjustments), add washers and nuts, and then tighten the bolts.
Flashing a Ledger
Unless it will be protected from rain by the house’s eaves or a solid roof, a roof ledger that is fastened directly to a house with wood siding should be capped with galvanized metal Z-flashing that tucks up under siding to prevent water from seeping in behind it.
Where integral flashing isn’t possible, such as on a stucco wall, use Z-flashing and caulk the top edge. This is a job you must do before fastening the overhead’s roof rafters in place.
You can buy L- or Z-shaped flashing or bend it yourself. To bend sheet-metal flashing, make a form by clamping two 2 by 4s together on each side of the metal, and then hammer the metal to create a sharp edge at each fold. (The result is much neater if you buy pre-formed flashing.)
Fit the flashing in place, caulk the top edge, and nail it with galvanized nails long enough to penetrate at least 1 inch into the structural members. Then caulk the nail heads.
If the house is sided with shingle or lap siding, simply slip the metal’s top edge up under the bottom edge of the shingles or siding as far as possible.
NEXT SEE:
If building a patio roof or gazebo yourself is sounds like more than you want to tackle, please see our affiliate partner, HomeAdvisor, for free bids from
